在Rocky Linux 9上安装和使用Docker

2023年6月21日 6141点热度 0人点赞 0条评论

步骤1 - 安装Docker

Rocky Linux 9官方软件库中提供的Docker安装包可能不是最新版本，需要先更新

sudo dnf check-update

添加官方Docker仓库

sudo dnf config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

虽然Docker没有专门的Rocky Linux仓库，但Rocky Linux是基于CentOS的，可以使用相同的仓库。添加好仓库后，安装Docker，它由三个软件包组成。

sudo dnf install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

安装完成后，启动Docker守护程序。

sudo systemctl start docker

验证它是否正在运行

sudo systemctl status docker

输出结果应该与下面类似，显示该服务已被激活并运行

Output
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2016-05-01 06:53:52 CDT; 1 weeks 3 days ago
     Docs: https://docs.docker.com
 Main PID: 749 (docker)

最后，确保它在每次服务器重启时启动。

sudo systemctl enable docker

现在，安装Docker不仅给你提供了Docker服务（守护进程），还提供了docker 命令行工具，或Docker客户端

第2步 - 不使用Sudo执行Docker命令（可选）

默认情况下，运行docker 命令需要root权限--也就是说，你必须在命令前加上sudo 。它也可以由docker组中的用户运行，该组在安装Docker时自动创建。如果你试图运行docker ，但没有在前缀中加上sudo ，或者没有在docker组中，你会得到这样的输出。

Output
docker: Cannot connect to the Docker daemon. Is the docker daemon running on this host?.
See 'docker run --help'.

如果你想避免每次运行docker 命令时都输入sudo ，请将你的用户名添加到docker组。

sudo usermod -aG docker $(whoami)

你将需要退出Droplet，然后以同一用户身份重新登录，以启用这一变化。

如果你需要将一个用户添加到你没有登录的docker 组中，请使用明确声明该用户名。

sudo usermod -aG docker username

重启docker

sudo service docker restart

本文的其余部分假设你是以docker用户组的用户身份运行docker 命令。如果你选择不这样做，请在命令的前面加上sudo 。

验证 docker

docker

输出这些表示成功

Output

    attach    Attach to a running container
    build     Build an image <span class="token keyword">from</span> a Dockerfile
    commit    Create a new image <span class="token keyword">from</span> a container's changes
    cp        Copy files<span class="token operator">/</span>folders between a container <span class="token keyword">and</span> the local filesystem
    create    Create a new container
    diff      Inspect changes on a container's filesystem
    events    Get real time events <span class="token keyword">from</span> the server
    <span class="token keyword">exec</span>      Run a command <span class="token keyword">in</span> a running container
    export    Export a container's filesystem <span class="token keyword">as</span> a tar archive
    history   Show the history of an image
    images    List images
    <span class="token keyword">import</span>    Import the contents <span class="token keyword">from</span> a tarball to create a filesystem image
    info      Display system<span class="token operator">-</span>wide information
    inspect   Return low<span class="token operator">-</span>level information on a container <span class="token keyword">or</span> image
    kill      Kill a running container
    load      Load an image <span class="token keyword">from</span> a tar archive <span class="token keyword">or</span> STDIN
    login     Log <span class="token keyword">in</span> to a Docker registry
    logout    Log out <span class="token keyword">from</span> a Docker registry
    logs      Fetch the logs of a container
    network   Manage Docker networks
    pause     Pause <span class="token builtin">all</span> processes within a container
    port      List port mappings <span class="token keyword">or</span> a specific mapping <span class="token keyword">for</span> the CONTAINER
    ps        List containers
    pull      Pull an image <span class="token keyword">or</span> a repository <span class="token keyword">from</span> a registry
    push      Push an image <span class="token keyword">or</span> a repository to a registry
    rename    Rename a container
    restart   Restart a container
    rm        Remove one <span class="token keyword">or</span> more containers
    rmi       Remove one <span class="token keyword">or</span> more images
    run       Run a command <span class="token keyword">in</span> a new container
    save      Save one <span class="token keyword">or</span> more images to a tar archive
    search    Search the Docker Hub <span class="token keyword">for</span> images
    start     Start one <span class="token keyword">or</span> more stopped containers
    stats     Display a live stream of container<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s<span class="token punctuation">)</span> resource usage statistics
    stop      Stop a running container
    tag       Tag an image into a repository
    top       Display the running processes of a container
    unpause   Unpause <span class="token builtin">all</span> processes within a container
    update    Update configuration of one <span class="token keyword">or</span> more containers
    version   Show the Docker version information
    volume    Manage Docker volumes
    wait      Block until a container stops<span class="token punctuation">,</span> then <span class="token keyword">print</span> its exit code

一些问题

比如 docker 输出这些信息

permission denied <span class="token keyword">while</span> trying to connect to the <span class="token constant">Docker</span> daemon socket at unix<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>var<span class="token operator">/</span>run<span class="token operator">/</span>docker<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sock<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">Get</span> <span class="token string">"http://%2Fvar%2Frun%2Fdocker.sock/v1.24/containers/json"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> dial unix <span class="token operator">/</span>var<span class="token operator">/</span>run<span class="token operator">/</span>docker<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sock<span class="token punctuation">:</span> connect<span class="token punctuation">:</span> permission denie

查看docker组的用户信息

sudo cat <span class="token operator">/</span>etc<span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token keyword">group</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> grep docker

添加当前用户到 docker 组